1. COVID-19 is a zoonotic virus. From phylogenetics analyses undertaken with available full genome sequences, bats appear to be the reservoir of COVID-19 virus, but the intermediate host(s) has not yet been identified.
2. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets and fomites during close unprotected contact between an infector and infectee.
3. Airborne spread has not been reported for COVID-19 and it is not believed to be a major driver of transmission based on available evidence;
4. However, it can be envisaged if certain aerosol-generating procedures are conducted in health care facilities.
5. Fecal shedding has been demonstrated from some patients, and viable virus has been identified in a limited number of case reports. However, the fecal-oral route does not appear to be a driver of COVID-19 transmission; its role and significance for COVID-19 remains to be determined.
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