3. Party and State Council institutional reform

China issued plans for deepening Party and State Council institutional reform in March followed by the establishment of the National Supervision Commission.

It is significant in upholding Party leadership, improving institutional efficiency, and modernizing China's system and capacity of national governance.

By the end of November, plans for institutional reform of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities had been approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.