BEIJING, July 7 -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday underscored the intractability of history as the nation commemorated the start of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression 77 years ago.

"History is history and facts are facts. Nobody can change history and facts," Xi said when addressing a crowd of over 1,000 people at the Museum of the War of the Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the outskirts of Beijing.

"Anyone who intends to deny, distort or beautify the history of aggression will never be tolerated by Chinese people and people of all other countries," he said, referring to widespread concerns that Japan is trying to distort the history of the war.

The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression started in 1937 and ended with Japan's World War II defeat in 1945.

"It's a pity that a small minority of people still ignore iron-clad history and the fact that tens of millions of innocent people lost their lives in the war," he said.

This minority has repeatedly denied or even beautified the history of aggression, undermining mutual trust among states and creating regional tensions. Such behavior has been strongly condemned by the world's peace-loving people, said Xi.

"History is the best textbook, as well as the best dose of sobriety," Xi said, adding that Chinese people who remember the torment of war have always been in pursuit of peace.

"History tells us that any aggression by force is doomed to failure," Xi warned. "China will unswervingly pursue the road of peaceful development and hopes all other countries in the world can take the same road."

Xi's remarks came after Japan's reinterpretation of its pacifist Constitution last week.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's cabinet endorsed a reinterpretation of its pacifist Constitution on July 1 for the right to collective self-defense, fueling concerns over Japan's return to its past militarism.

Japan invaded northeast China in September 1931. But historians agree that Japan's full-scale invasion started on July 7, 1937, when a crucial access point to Beijing, Lugou Bridge, was attacked by Japanese troops.

Around 35 million Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed or injured by Japanese troops during the war against Japanese aggression (1937-45), with at least 300,000 people slaughtered in the Nanjing Massacre alone.

Xi said the Chinese nation at that time faced the most direct threats, prompting "all ethnic groups, classes, parties, social organizations and patriots from all circles, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese, to unite and throw themselves into a grand struggle which meant life and death for the Chinese nation."

He added that the Communist Party of China had also shouldered its historical responsibilities by calling for a national united front against Japanese invasion.

Calling the Chinese people's resistance against aggression by the Japanese a "heroic ode" in which Chinese patriots "bathed in blood," Xi said Monday's gathering should serve to recall history, commemorate martyrs, cherish peace and sound a warning for the future.

The Chinese president also unveiled a sculpture commemorating the start of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the company of two veteran Chinese soldiers, one from the Communist Party of China and another from the Kuomintang, who took part in the war, as well as with Chinese teenagers.

The sculpture is based on a military medal specially designed for veteran soldiers who fought in the war from 1937 to 1945.

"The inauguration of this sculpture commemorates those who devoted their lives to fighting for national independence and freedom as well as those who made great contributions to peace and justice, and to console the victims of the war," Xi said.

Japan's neighbors have long been disgruntled by the erroneous interpretation of history by Japanese right-wing politicians

Li Buhong, from De'an county in Jiangxi Province, is among the dwindling ranks of veterans who fought the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. He was 13 when the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out and joined the army five years later.

"I have seen the cold-blooded, inhuman violence the Japanese invaders have committed toward my countrymen," said Li, now 90.

"I have seen them cut out a baby from a pregnant woman and spike it with a bayonet... Now they want to deny their invasion. That's senseless talk," he said.

Pan Xun, a professor with the Chongqing-based Southwest University, called on Chinese authorities to enhance research and protection of historical records from the 1937-1945 period to thwart Japanese right-wingers' attempts to distort the country's history of aggression.

"More people, including the Japanese, should learn from history, and face up to history, so that we can understand the brutality of war," he said.