Fine-particle pollution climbs in August: report

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Fine-particle pollution climbs in August: report

By Wu Wencong (China Daily) 08:15, September 18, 2013

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Ozone and fine-particle pollution worsened China's air quality in August compared with July, the Environmental Protection Ministry reported on its website on Tuesday.

Twenty-eight of the 74 cities mentioned in the report had good air quality for at least 24 days in August. The number of such cities in July was 36.

Nationwide, the proportion of days with good air quality in August was 66.7 percent, 4 percentage points lower than in July.

In the Yangtze River Delta region cluster, 67.2 percent of days in August had good air quality, 6.3 percentage points lower than in July.

The proportion in the Pearl River Delta region cluster was 76 percent, a decline of more than 14 percentage points compared with July.

The cluster of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province remained the most polluted region, according to the announcement.

Of the 19 cities with good air quality for fewer than 15 days in August, 12 are located within that cluster. Seven cities in Hebei province ranked in the top 10 most polluted cities in August.

Ozone and PM2.5 — particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter that can go deep into the lungs — are the top two pollutants within the cluster, each accounting for the major cause of more than 40 percent of the polluted days.

Ozone pollution was even more severe in the other two clusters in August, occupying more than 97 percent of the polluted days within the two regions.

That situation corresponds with weather in June and July, when there are high temperatures and strong sunshine, the perfect conditions for the formation of ozone.

Ozone is an invisible pollutant that is harmful to the respiratory tract and in high concentrations it could cause irreversible damage to the lungs and central nervous system.

"Though particulate matters in the air may block some sunshine for ozone to form, high concentration of ozone does not guarantee low concentration of PM2.5," said Chai Fahe, vice-president of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.

To deal with pollutants that may lead to PM2.5 and ozone, the central government has issued an action plan with detailed measures for 2013 to 2017.

Targets set for the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province cluster include decreasing PM2.5 by about 25 percent; lowering steel production capacity by 120 million metric tons, compared with 2012 levels; and cutting coal consumption by as much as 80 million tons, compared with 2012.

A provincial-level emergency response system for heavy pollution days has also been set up, under a plan released by the Hebei provincial government in August.

The plan says if the provincial meteorological observatory predicts an air quality index reading of above 200, which indicates a heavy pollution day, for the following 24 to 72 hours, the observatory should hold a meeting with the monitoring station to acquire accurate details of the pollution, such as the time range, the geographical areas and the levels.

All information should be reported to the provincial government before noon and later be released to the public.

New emission standards issued

The Environmental Protection Ministry issued phase 5 of emission standards for light vehicles, both gasoline and diesel, on Tuesday.

The new standards will help reduce emissions of 90,000 metric tons of nitrogen oxide and 20,000 tons of particles in five years after it is implemented.

China has been the world's top automobile producer and seller for four consecutive years. During that period, the number of motor vehicles has grown at 12 percent every year, reaching 80 million at the end of 2011.

Airborne pollutants emitted by automobiles are also increasing, accounting for more than 20 percent of the total amount of fine particles in the air, according to the ministry.

The phase 5 standard, issued eight years after phase 4, sets a stricter emission limit for nitrogen oxide, a reduction of about 25 to 28 percent. It also requires the emissions of particles to drop by 82 percent.

Once implemented, phase 5 of the gasoline and diesel standards will set sulfur content lower than 10 micrograms per gram of gasoline, cutting about 300,000 tons of nitrogen oxide and 30,000 tons of particles annually, according to the ministry.

Phase 5 will be implemented on Jan 1, 2018, due to the lack of fuel that is fit for automobiles under the new standards.